Part 1 阅读入门 阅读必备常识
Chapter 1 认识句子
Unit 1 五大简单句
主谓结构
考考你的眼力
在含有主谓结构的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。
（ ）1.Tom received an email．汤姆收到了一封邮件。
（ ）2. I hate being scolded in public．我讨厌被当众批评。
（ ）3. The fire happened at midnight．火灾是半夜发生的。
（ ）4. The sun rose．太阳升起了。
（ ）5. The man is rich and handsome．那人不仅很富有，而且很英俊。
参考答案
1．（×）2．（×）3．（√）4．（√）5．（×）
知识大放送
一、主谓结构中，不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意义，而无需宾语或是补足语。常见的不及物动词有：appear（看起来）、apoIogize（道歉）、arrive（到达）、come（过来）、die（死）、disappear（消失）、exist（存在）、faII（落下）、happen（发生）、rise（升起）等。
· We have got up．我们已经起床了。
· The young man smiled．那个小伙子笑了。
· A tall policeman appeared．一位个子很高的警察出现了。
二、此类句型的扩展结构：
1．S+vi.+adv.（主语+不及物动词+状语）
· They went to the airport right now．他们立即去了机场。
· The patient died painfully before operation．手术开始前，病人痛苦地死掉了。
· Leaves fall quietly on the ground．树叶静静地飘落在地上。
2．There/Here+vi.+S（There/Here+不及物动词+主语）
· Here goes the bell．铃声响了。
There comes the teacher．老师来了。
· There stands a little girl．有个小女孩站在那里。
3．S+vi.+to do（主语+不及物动词+动词不定式）
· They stopped to work．他们停下来去工作。
随手练一练
一、找出下列句子中的主语和谓语，并翻译整个句子。
1．To my surprise, he resigned last month.
2．Classes begin at eight every day.
3．I drive to pick up the clients.
4．We got up early so as to catch the first bus.
5．The young girls laughed loudly outside.
参考答案
1．To my surprise, he resigned last month．让我吃惊的是，他上个月就辞职了。
2．Classes begin at eight every day．每天8点开始上课。
3．I drive to pick up the clients．我开车去接客户。
4．We got up early so as to catch the first bus．为了赶上第一班公交车，我们很早就起床了。
5．The young girls laughed loudly outside．女孩们在外面大声地笑着。
二、找出下面这段话中主谓结构的句子。
Jack got up late this morning. He couldn't catch the bus, so he went to school by foot. He found that something happened on the way to school, because a lot of people gathered in the corner of the street. It seems that a traffic accident happened. But Jack hurried to go to school, so he did not stop to see. However, Jack still did not arrive on time unfortunately, for he walked too slowly. Jack was criticized by the teacher. The teacher asked him to write a self-criticism.
参考答案
Jack got up late this morning. He couldn't catch the bus, so he went to school by foot. He found that something happened on the way to school, because a lot of people gathered in the corner of the street. It seems that a traffic accident happened. But Jack hurried to go to school, so he did not stop to see. However, Jack still did not arrive on time unfortunately, for he walked too slowly. Jack was criticized by the teacher. The teacher asked him to write a self-criticism.
主谓宾结构
考考你的眼力
在含有主谓宾结构的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。
（ ）1. The sun rises in the east．太阳从东边升起。
（ ）2. Lily got a good score．莉莉得到了一个好的成绩。
（ ）3. Did you get up late this morning？你今天早上起晚了吗？
（ ）4. She wants a window seat．她想要一个靠窗的座位。
（ ）5. The leaves fall in autumn．树叶在秋天落下来。
参考答案
1．（×）2．（√）3．（×）4．（√）5．（×）
知识大放送
一、在主谓宾结构中，谓语通常是由及物动词来担任，构成“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构。谓语后的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或是从句。
· Mark has a red coat．马克有一件红色的外套。
· No one would like to help him．没有人愿意帮他。
· They like swimming in the summer．他们喜欢在夏天游泳。
· He wants to go to the library．他想去图书馆。
· I will do what I have said．我说到做到。
二、此类句型的扩展结构：
S+vt.+O+adv.（主语+及物动词+宾语+状语）
· She finds an interesting book in the bookstore．她在书店发现了一本有趣的书。
· I finished the homework quickly．我快速地写完了作业。
· I want the present badly．我非常想要这个礼物。
随手练一练
一、找出下列句子中的主语、谓语和宾语，并翻译整个句子。
1．I don't know what he did.
2．Where can I find the wallet?
3．Have you read the passage?
4．The boys are playing basketball in the playground.
5．My dad will drive my mother to the airport.
参考答案
1．I don't know what he did．我不知道他做了什么。
2．Where can I find the waIIet？我在哪里可以找到钱包？
3．Have you read the passage？你读过这篇文章吗？
4．The boys are playing basketball in the playground．男孩们正在操场上打篮球。
5．My dad will drive my mother to the airport．我爸爸会开车带妈妈去机场。
二、找出下面这段话中主谓宾结构的句子。
My father is a math teacher. He teaches grade 4 and grade 5 all the time. He likes his students very much. My father works late sometimes. Last year, one of my father's students got the first prize in the math competition. My dad was so happy that he praised the student many times in class. My father often guides my study at home.
参考答案
My father is a math teacher. He teaches grade 4 and grade 5 all the time. He likes his students very much. My father works late sometimes. Last year, one of my father's students got the first prize in the math competition. My dad was so happy that he praised the student many times in class. My father often guides me at home.
主系表结构
考考你的眼力
在含有主系表结构的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。
（ ）1. His elder brother is an English teacher．他哥哥是一位英语老师。
（ ）2. My sister can't speak English．我妹妹不会说英语。
（ ）3. The cat has white and black fur．这只猫有白色和黑色的毛发。
（ ）4. These books turned wet after the rain．下过雨后，这些书变湿了。
（ ）5. I want to become a teacher．我想成为一位老师。
参考答案
1．（√）2．（×）3．（×）4．（√）5．（×）
知识大放送
主系表结构中的系动词不能表达完整的句意，其后需接主语补足语来补充说明，这类主语补足语主要有名词、形容词和介词短语，在句子中作表语。系动词可根据含义的不同而分为表示状态、表示结果或转变的系动词。
一、表示状态的主系表结构：
表示状态的系动词有：look（看起来）, appear（显得）, seem（看起来）, feel（摸起来）, taste（尝起来）, smell（闻起来）, remain（仍然是）, sound（听起来）, stay（保持）, keep（保持）
· The desk looks very old．这张桌子看起来很旧。
· Only the fish tastes delicious on the table．桌子上只有这道鱼尝起来很可口。
· The coat feels wet．这件外套摸起来很潮湿。
二、表示结果或转变的主系表结构：
表示结果或转变的系动词有：be（是）, become（成为）, grow（成长）, go（变得）, turn（变得）, prove（证明）
· The tree has grown much taller than before．这棵树长得比以前高多了。
· It goes darker and darker, but his parents don't come back home yet．天越来越黑了，但是他的父母还没有回家。
· Maple leaves turn red instead of yellow in autumn．枫叶在秋天变红而不是变黄。
随手练一练
一、找出下列句子中的主语、系动词和表语，并翻译整个句子。
1．They grew apart after graduation.
2．He says, "My mother is an Art teacher."
3．Several young men of them are interested in playing basketball.
4．Her father is fifty years old, and looks very young.
5．Her voice sounds very nice.
参考答案
1．They grew apart after graduation．毕业后他们的关系疏远了。
2．He says, "My mother is an Art teacher."他说：“我妈妈是一位美术老师。”
3．Several young men of them are interested in playing basketball．他们中的几个年轻人对打篮球很感兴趣。
4．Her father is fifty years oId, and looks very young．她爸爸50岁了，看起来很年轻。
5．Her voice sounds very nice．她的声音听起来很好听。
二、找出下面这段话中主系表结构的句子。
There was a suitcase at the door last night. It was missing this morning because my mother brought it to go to the airport. My mother is a manager of a food company and she often goes on a business trip. Since she was promoted to manager, she has became more and more busy. I hope my mother can accompany me as often as possible.
参考答案
There was a suitcase at the door last night. It was missing this morning because my mother brought it to go to the airport. My mother is a manager of a food company and she often goes on a business trip. Since she was promoted to manager, she has became more and more busy. I hope my mother can accompany me as often as possible.
主谓+双宾语
考考你的眼力
在含有主谓+双宾语结构的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。
（ ）1. These students bought their teacher a batch of flowers．这些学生给他们的老师买了一束花。
（ ）2. His father asked him to do homework first．他爸爸让他先写作业。
（ ）3. We call the boy little Tom．我们称这个小男孩为小汤姆。
（ ）4. The man behind the tree saw his son coming out the school．在树后面的男人看到他儿子从学校出来了。
（ ）5. My brother gave me a bottle of juice．我哥哥给了我一瓶果汁。
参考答案
1．（√）2．（×）3．（×）4．（×）5．（√）
知识大放送
在“主语+谓语+双宾语”结构中，谓语动词后一般接间接宾语和直接宾语来使句意表达完整。其中，间接宾语一般指代表示人的宾语，而直接宾语指代的是表示物的宾语。
一、间接宾语位于直接宾语前
可用在此结构中的动词一般有：give（给）、buy（买）、show（指示）、bring（带来）、get（给某人弄到）、pass（递给）、pay（支付）、tell（告诉）、teach（教）等。
· The woman always buy her daughter beautiful skirts．这位女士总是给她女儿买漂亮的裙子。
· Can you bring me a comic book？你能给我带一本连环漫画书吗？
· Get me a cup of coffee, please．请给我一杯咖啡。
· Her mother teaches her English and her father teaches her math．她妈妈教她英语，她爸爸教她数学。
二、间接宾语位于直接宾语后
1．在此类结构中，间接宾语前加介词。
（1）间接宾语前加介词for
可用在此类结构中的动词有：buy（买）、make（做）、play（演奏）、choose（选择）、do（做）、order（订购）等。
· He made a kite for his youngest daughter．他为小女儿做了一个风筝。
· I think you can choose the red coat for your mother．我觉得你可以为你妈妈选这件红色的大衣。
· He played the piano for his girlfriend again and again．他一遍遍地为女朋友弹钢琴。
（2）间接宾语前加介词to
可用在此类结构中的动词有：give（给）、bring（带来）、tell（告诉）、sell（卖）、leave（留给）、show（出示）、write（写）、send（送给）等。
· I will bring my notebook to you tomorrow．我明天会把笔记本电脑带给你。
· The owner of the house sold it to a couple．房子的主人把它卖给了一对夫妇。
· He remembered that his father left some money to him．他记得父亲给他留了一些钱。
2．直接宾语是them或it
· Maybe he won't lend it to us．也许他不会把它借给我们。
· The rich man bought them for his wife．这个富人为他的妻子买下了它们。
· You must order it for one of your friends．你肯定是为你的一位朋友订购的。
三、双宾语和宾语补足语的区别
在主谓+双宾语结构中，两个宾语属于并列情况；而宾语补足语是对宾语做的补充，宾语和补足语之间可构成逻辑主谓关系。
· They elected me the monitor.（宾语补足语）他们选我当班长。
· He showed the card to the clerk.（双宾语）他向店员出示了卡。
随手练一练
一、找出下列句子中的主语、谓语，标明间接宾语和直接宾语，并翻译整个句子。
1．Before going out, he did the housework for his mother.
2．The old man returned the wallet to the loser.
3．Jack wrote his friend an e-mail after he won the game.
4．He would pass it to me if I need.
5．The waiter got the customer a cup of hot water instead of beer.
参考答案
1．Before going out, he did the housework for his mother.（间：his mother，直：housework）出门前，他为妈妈做了家务。
2．The old man returned the wallet to the loser.（间：the loser，直：the wallet）老人把钱包还给了失主。
3．Jack wrote his friend an e-mail after he won the game.（间：his friend，直：an e-mail）杰克赢了比赛后给朋友写了一封电子邮件。
4．He would pass it to me if I need.（间：me，直：it）如果我需要，他会把它递给我的。
5．The waiter got the customer a cup of hot water instead of beer.（间：the customer，直：a cup of hot water）服务员给客人拿了一杯热水而不是啤酒。
二、找出下面这段话中的主谓+双宾语结构的句子。
James is writing a report. His boss, Julia, gave him a schedule form. James picked it up and gave a conversation to Julia. They talked about the products sales of last month. James showed Julia the data on his computer and Julia wasn't satisfied with them. James explained the reason for her. They decided to have a meeting next Monday. James said he would hand the report to her as soon as possible.
参考答案
James is writing a report. His boss, Julia, gave him a schedule form. James picked it up and gave a conversation to Julia. They talked about the products sales of last month. James showed Julia the data on his computer and Julia wasn't satisfied with them. James explained the reason for her. They decided to have a meeting next Monday. James said he would hand the report to her as soon as possible.
主谓+复合宾语
考考你的眼力
在含有主谓+复合宾语结构的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。
（ ）1. I won't allow you to run when it rains．我不会允许你在下雨的时候跑步。
（ ）2. He wants a car model．他想要一个汽车模型。
（ ）3. The teacher lets two students read the text．老师让两位学生读课文。
（ ）4. Do you really like the movie made by the famous director？你真的喜欢这部著名导演执导的电影吗？
（ ）5. They often called me "fool" when I was five years old．我五岁的时候他们经常叫我“傻瓜”。
参考答案
1．（√）2．（×）3．（√）4．（×）5．（√）
知识大放送
宾语+宾语补足语就是复合宾语，在主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语结构中，宾语补足语的作用是让整个句子的意义更加完整。谓语动词在该结构中也可称为“不完全及物动词”。
不完全及物动词有：call（称呼）、wish（希望）、keep（保持）、let（使）、allow（允许）、want（想要）、feel（感觉到）、find（发现）、make（使）、ask（让）、tell（告诉）、think（认为）等。
· I wish you a happy life！祝你们生活愉快！
· They want us to follow their order completely．他们想要我们完全听命于他们。
· Parents always tell them to study hard．家长们总是告诉他们要好好学习。
一、宾语补足语的构成
1．在此类结构中，能够充当宾语补足语的一般是名词、形容词、副词、分词或短语、介词短语和动词不定式。
· Most people think his behavior immoral．多数人认为他的行为不道德。
· My mom told me not to ride a bike in the street．妈妈让我不要在街上骑自行车。
· When we get there, we only found a baby crying．我们到达那里的时候，只发现一个婴儿在哭。
· Don't worry, I will drive your sister to the bus station．别担心，我会送你姐姐去汽车站的。
· Let's ask the doctor for help．我们向医生寻求帮助吧。
2．动词不定式作宾语补足语，而谓语动词是make（使）、let（让）、see（看到）、have（让）、listen to（听)等时，动词不定式的to常常被省略。
· No one would like to elect him the president．没有人愿意选他当主席。
· Who has made him clean the whole yard？是谁让他打扫整个院子的？
· The headmaster let three Chinese teachers organize the exam．校长让三位语文老师组织这次考试。
二、主谓+it+宾补+真正宾语
1．it放在宾语的位置，而被当作宾语的动名词、宾语从句或不定式则与宾语补足语一起放在后面。
· I think it hard to learn two foreign languages at the same time．我认为同时学习两门外语很难。
· They all believe it difficult to make the dream come true．他们都相信实现这个梦想很难。
· Someone said it unlikely that they will finish the task．有人说他们不太可能完成这个任务。
2．现在分词或短语是真正的主语时，如果其补足语是no point, no use, no sense, useless, senseless等，it作形式宾语。
· They said it no use investing more money．他们认为投入更多的钱是没用的。
· I think it no point making friends with rich men．我认为和富人交朋友没有意义。
· Jack said it no sense getting a good score by cheating．杰克说通过作弊而获得好成绩是没有意义的。
随手练一练
一、找出下列句子中的主语、谓语、宾语和宾语补足语，并翻译整个句子。
1．Their wonderful performance made all the audiences laugh.
2．All the villagers thought her mad in that year.
3．Only the girl heard someone singing.
4．My mom always asks me to keep my room clean.
5．We believe it necessary to make a plan first.
参考答案
1．Their wonderful performance made all the audiences laugh．他们精彩的表演让观众们都笑了。
2．All the villagers thought her mad in that year．那一年所有的村民都认为她疯了。
3．Only the girl heard someone singing．只有这个女孩听见有人在唱歌。
4．My mom always asks me to keep my room clean．妈妈总是让我保持房间干净。
5．We believe it necessary to make a plan first．我们认为先制定计划很有必要。
二、找出下面这段话中的主谓+复合宾语结构的句子。
The climate change has an increasing impact worldwide. The United Nations encourages every country to take measures. In our country, everyone is told to protect environment and not to litter. Teachers ask us not to use disposable chopsticks. Now, our parents and teachers often praise us for our behavior.
参考答案
The climate change has an increasing impact worldwide. The United Nations encourages every country to take measures. In our country, everyone is told to protect environment and not to litter. Teachers ask us not to use disposable chopsticks. Now, our parents and teachers often praise us for our behavior.