介词的使用规则

一 介词的含义

介词是一种虚词，是英语中最活跃的词类之一，主要用来表示时间、地点、目的、原因、程度和方式等。在句子中不能单独作任何成分。

二 介词的分类

1．简单介词。如：in, from, about, at, over, on, under, past。

2．复合介词。如：without, onto, outside, within, into, inside。

3．短语介词。如：because of, in front of, instead of。

三 常见介词的用法

1．表示时间的介词：

（1）表示“在何时”常用介词at, in, on。

at一般用来表示在某一具体的时间点。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test B Section 1

It costs 21 cents for a 30-second long-distance call at 2 p.m.

下午2点打一个30秒的长途电话要21美分。

《剑桥雅思真题10》Test B Section 3

At the age of thirty, Alfred Nobel made the first of his major inventions.

阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔三十岁时，他做了第一个重大发明。

《剑桥雅思真题10》Test A Section 3

Europeans arrived at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

欧洲人是在19世纪初到达的。

in 表示年、季节、月、周、上午、下午、晚上等。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 4 Passage 2

In September 2000, the MSC allowed seven Alaska salmon companies to label their products using the MSC logo.

2000年9月，MSC允许7家阿拉斯加三文鱼公司使用MSC的标识给产品贴上标签。

《剑桥雅思真题6》Test 1 Passage 3

The Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer.

北冰洋在夏季可能很快就几乎没有冰了。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test B Section 1

Don't make any noise after 10 o'clock at night or before 7.30 in the morning.

晚上10点以后或早上7点半以前不要发出任何噪音。

用来表示具体的某一天，如果专指某一天的上午、下午、晚上，要用on。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 4 Section 3

We can meet again on Monday.

我们星期一可以再见面。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 1 Passage 1

A male's tiny pinprick of light can be seen by a female from some distance on a dark night.

在一个漆黑的夜晚，从一定距离外，一只雄性的微小光点可以被一只雌性看到。

（2）表示“在……期间”，常用介词during, from…to…。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 1 Passage 2

During the industrial revolution and population explosion of the 19th and 20th centuries, the demand for water rose dramatically.

在19世纪和20世纪的工业革命和人口爆炸期间，对水的需求急剧上升。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 2 Passage 3

During Phase Ⅱ, from January to February 1991, a number of approaches were implemented in an effort to improve mobility and access to transport.

在1991年1月至2月这一阶段期间，采取了若干办法，努力改善交通和交通便利。

（3）其他表示时间的介词，例如：before, after, since, for, until, by, past, to。

before & after

《剑桥雅思真题13》Test 3 Passage 3

After their final demise, a millennium passed before really large-scale cities appeared once more in South Asia.

在它们最终消亡之后，一个世纪过去了，真正大规模的城市才再次出现在南亚。

since & for

《剑桥雅思真题6》Test 1 Passage 1

Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.

自从引入这项测试以来，所有运动项目的AIS运动员在保持健康方面都取得了显著的成功。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test B Section 3

It had been drawn by a Swedish artist who lived in London for 12 years.

这幅画是一位瑞典艺术家画的，他在伦敦生活了12年。

until(till)意思是“直到……”，常用not…until…表示意思“直到……才……”, until后面接点时间。

《剑桥雅思真题6》Test B Section 3

It was not until 1791 that the great French anatomist Georges Cuvier deduced that the animal was in fact a flying reptile.

直到1791年，伟大的法国解剖学家乔治·居维叶才推断出这种动物实际上是一种会飞的爬行动物。

by 意思是“到……前；截至……”，常用于完成时。

《剑桥雅思真题11》Test 1 Passage 1

By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth's population will live in urban centres.

到2050年，将近80%的地球人口将生活在城市中心。

past & to

ten past one:1:10

ten to three:2:50

2．表示地点、方位的介词的用法：

（1）in, at意思是“在……”。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 1 Passage 2

In a few parts of the world, demand has actually fallen.

在世界上一些地区，需求实际上已经下降。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 2 Passage 1

Yet it left the magnificent five-storey pagoda at the Toji temple in nearby Kyoto unscathed.

然而，它却让京都附近东寺宏伟的五层宝塔毫发无损。

（2）on, over, above意思是“在……上”。

《剑桥雅思真题10》Test 3 Passage 3

This must have been as difficult for them as landing on the moon is for us today.

对他们来说，这一定和我们今天登上月球一样困难。

《剑桥雅思真题8》Test 4 Passage 3

This is most commonly done by placing leaf litter on a screen over a large funnel.

最常见的做法是把落叶放在大漏斗上方的屏幕上。

《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 4 Section 2

There's a kind of shelf there above the sink.

水槽上面有个架子。

（3）under & below意思是“在……下方”。

《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 3 Section 4

I'm going to start with a house which is constructed more or less under the ground.

我将从一所或多或少建在地下的房子开始。

《剑桥雅思真题11》Test 1 Passage 2

The Forth & Clyde Canal is situated 35 metres below the level of the Union Canal.

福斯和克莱德运河位于联合运河的35米以下。

（4）before, in front of, in the front of意思是“在……前”。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 4 Section 2

The tall blue-and-white building in front of us is called The Tower.

我们前面的那幢蓝白相间的高楼叫塔。

（5）between, among, in the middle of。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test B Section 3

The River Severn, which starts its life on the Welsh mountains and eventually enters the sea between Cardiff and Bristol, is the longest navigable river in Britain.

塞文河起源于威尔士山区，最终流入加的夫和布里斯托尔之间的大海，是英国最长的通航河流。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 2 Section 2

Now, the Semira Mountains are among the highest in the world.

现在，Semira山脉是世界上最高的山脉之一。

《剑桥雅思真题8》Test 2 Section 2

In the middle of the Park, this circular area is our lake.

在公园的中央，这个圆形区域是我们的湖。

（6）near, by, beside, around。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 3 Section 4

Tropical beaches surrounded by palm trees.

热带海滩被棕榈树环绕。

《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 1 Section 1

The nearest one would probably be just beside the Library.

最近的一个可能就在图书馆旁边。

《剑桥雅思真题8》Test 1 Passage 1

These devices performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean.

这些设备在地中海周围运行良好．

（7）outside, inside。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 1 Section 2

There's even a picnic blanket to sit on outside your tent.

帐篷外甚至还有一条野餐毯子。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 2 Section 3

There's a mock camp site where you can see inside an Antarctic tent.

有一个模拟营地，你可以在那里看到南极的帐篷。

3．表示方位的介词的用法：

（1）in表示主语被包含在某一范围之中。

on表示两地相互接壤。

to表示主语在某一范围之外。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 4 Passage 2

a volcanic archipelago in the North Pacific

北太平洋内的火山群岛

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test B Section 3

The River Severn, which starts its life on the Welsh mountains

塞文河起源于威尔士山区

《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 2 Section 2

There's a lake in the north west of the park, with a bird hide to the west of it.

公园的西北部有一个湖，湖的西边有一只鸟。

（2）across, through, over, past。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 3 Passage 2

There had been three major waves of migration across the Bering Strait.

有三次主要的移民潮穿过白令海峡。

《剑桥雅思真题4》Test 1 Listening Section 4

Low-frequency noise, in particular, just goes through the trees as though they aren't there.

特别是低频噪声，就像它们不在树上一样穿过树林。

《剑桥雅思真题6》Test 3 Section 2

Past the Mulberry Garden, follow the path until you reach the front of the house.

穿过桑园，沿着小路一直走到屋前。

（3）out of, into。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test A Section 3

What began as a wholly practical exercise in keeping illegal drugs out of Australia may end up playing a role in an entirely different sphere.

从一开始就把非法毒品从澳大利亚拒之门外的实际行动，可能最终会在一个完全不同的领域发挥作用。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 4 Passage 2

The rivers feed into the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska.

这些河流流入白令海和阿拉斯加湾。

4．表示“方式，方法，手段”的介词的用法。

《剑桥雅思真题8》Test B Section 3

When she took up talking again, it was only in English.

当她又开始讲话时，只用英语。

《剑桥雅思真题12》Test 8 Passage 2

The first hollow glass container was made by covering a sand core with a layer of molten glass.

第一个中空玻璃容器是用一层熔融玻璃覆盖在砂芯上制成的。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 3 Section 2

Obviously, you'll start by flying out to Kishba.

很明显，你要从飞往基什巴开始。

《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 3 Passage 3

With the probe 12 billion kilometres from Earth, this was not an easy task.

在距离地球120亿公里的地方探测，这不是一项容易的任务。

《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 4 Passage 1

With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics.

居里夫人和她的丈夫Pierre Curie, Henri Becquerel一起获得了1903年的诺贝尔物理学奖。

5．表示“关于”的介词on/about。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 4 Section 3

We can find out statistics on school places from them as well.

我们也可以从他们那里得到关于学校位置的统计数据。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 4 Section 4

I'm going to talk about Monosodium Glutamate.

我要讲的是关于味精。

6．表示“大约”的介词about /around。

《剑桥雅思真题8》Test 2 Passage 1

When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (℃) this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled.

当加热到1500摄氏度时，它会变成一个熔化的物质，慢慢冷却后会变硬。

《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 4 Passage 2

At that time, statewide harvests totalled around 25 million salmon.

当时，全州的鲑鱼收成总计约2500万条。

7．表示“除了……以外”的介词。

《剑桥雅思真题10》Test 3 Passage 1

Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow.

旅行，除了在黑暗时期，还在继续增长。

《剑桥雅思真题10》Test 4 Passage 3

Then metamorphose into the adult form—except for one species, the axolotl.

然后蜕变成成虫——只有一种动物例外，那就是蝾螈。

《剑桥雅思真题2》Test 3 Passage 2

Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible.

此外，全球汽车使用量的增长速度快于技术进步所带来的排放和燃油效率的提高。

《剑桥雅思真题2》Test 2 Passage 3

Even a casual visitor cannot mistake them as anything but port cities.

即使是一个漫不经心的游客也不会把它们认为是港口城市以外的任何事物。

8．表示“代替”的介词短语instead of。

《剑桥雅思真题5》Test 3 Section 4

The biggest problem is getting people to think about recycling instead of throwing things away.

最大的问题是让人们考虑回收，而不是把东西扔掉。

9．表示“材料”的介词of, from。

（1）of表示从成品仍可看出原料。

《剑桥雅思真题10》Test 1 Section 3

The top is made of glass.

顶部是玻璃做的。

（2）from表示从成品已看不出原料。

《剑桥雅思真题8》Test 4 Passage 3

When possible, collections should be made from nests or foraging columns.

在可能的情况下，应该用巢穴或觅食的柱子来收集。